Two-cycle gas-engine.



M. W. HALL.

TWO CYCLE GAS ENGINE.

, APPLlcAnou mw Nov. z2, |912. nsnzwzo JAN. 25. |915.

1,158,380. Patented ot. 26, 191.5,

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M. W. HALL.

TWO CYCLE GAS ENGINE.

APPuc/mou meu Nov.22.1912. nrnfwfo MN. 25. |915.

1,158,380. Patented oet. 26, 1915.

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ITfE E5 /'VVENTOR m? wmf Allam!) `M.` W. HALL.

Two cvcLE ms ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 22. i912. RENEVIED IAN. '25, l9l5. 1,158,380, Patented Oct. 26, 1915.

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MILAN W, HALL, 0F BALTIMORE. MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR TO HALL-SEELEY MOTOR CGRPORATION, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

TWO-CYCLE GAS-ENGINE.

Application ier November 22, 1912, Serial No. 732,849. Renewed January 25, 1915.

To all whom 'if maz/ concern Be it-known that MILAN lV. HALL, a citizen of` the United States, residing .at Baltimore city, State of Maryland, have 1nvented certain newV and useful Improvements in Two-Cycle (his-lliigiiies, of which the following is a specilicationA This invention relates to that type of explosive engines of theclass commonly known as gas engines and has for its object to 1mprove the construction and operation of such engines of the two cycle type in the respects hereinafter specified.

The primary special object of the present invention is to provide such engines with improved means wliereby more or less of the newchargc of gas may be permitted to return to the primary compression chamber during the compression stroke of the piston, whereby the volume and compression of thc new gas may be variedvduring 'said stroke, a complete range ot' speed control secured to suit the variation of load or speed requirements7 greater fuel economy obtained by op erating the engine at the most ellicient ratio of expansion obtainable from arv chargel of exploded gas and adopting the proper ratio of volume of compression space-to the piston displacement and properly adjusting the out olf,

A further objectot my improvements is to enable automatic ignition by high compression to be succssfullyemployed by regulating the compression to the exact tiring point that it may not occur'feither too early or too late, o further degree 'of fuel economy being secured by thus operating the engine normally at a. much higher compression than ordinarily.

pto-mitl engines ot moderate size, such asV Vt'or automobiles or rotor boats` or stationary engines, to be equipped with electric ignition to operate noon a earburctcd mi turc. so that they may be readily started by hand.

A further object ot the invention is to eliminate the waste at 'the exhaust port in engines oi' larger sizes employing power starting devices and operated on the fuel in Specification of Letters'Patent.

Patented ct. 26, 1915.

Serial No. 4,408.

jection system, whereby a further degree of fuel economy is secured.

lVith these specified objects, and such other objects as may hereinafterappear, in

view, the invention consists in the improved being broken away, Fig. 2 represents a View of the same, partly in end elevation but principally in vertical section on the plano indicated by thebroken line 2-2 of Fig. 17 looking toward the right hand, Fig. 3 represents a top plan view, Fig. 4 represents a sectional view on the horizontal plane`indicated by the broken line 4--4 ot' Fig. 2, and Fig. 5 represents a sectional View v of a slightly modified construction, taken on the same plane as the sectional view of Fig. 2.

' Like reference characters mark the same p'arts wherever they appear in the several ligar-cs of the drawings.

Referring specifically to the drawings l0 indicates the cylinder' of Aan engine of the explosive type in which is actuated the piston l1 by means of an explosion ot gas in an explosion or combustion chamber 12, said piston being provided with a piston rod 13 connected in the usual manner by a. pitman 1i to a crank shaft l5 which carries a pinion 10 meshing with agear wheel 17 on a shaft 1S carrying eccentrics 19, all of which parts may be of any usual or well known construction and operate as usual in this class of engines with the exceptions hereinafter noted.

Vithin the cylinder 10 is mounted a hollow, bottomless pillar or cylinderZO in which .is mounted to slide, a crosshcad 2l vforming a support for the pin which connects the piston rod 13 and pitman 14, the. former projecting through the open vbottom and the latter moving in a. stuffing box 23 in the closed top of the pillar 20, said pillar being of such a. diameter as to leave an open space 24 around it, in the piston head.

The lower end of the cylinder at 25, forms what I denominate the primary compression chamber, which communicates with theinterior 26'of the piston -11 through the annular space 24, between'the pillar 20 and the wall of the piston, hereinbefore mentioned, and also communicates by means of a channel 27 and av port 28 withv the combustion chamber 12 above the piston, said port being located in the top wall of the combustion chamber and controlled by a valve 29 normally held closed. by a spring 30 aroundv the stem 31 of said valve, which stemslides freely vertically in sleeves which are secured' to, or formed integrally with the top ...wall of the cylinder, sald spring 30 bein oiled about the upper section of said sleeve above the piston, having its lower bearing on top of the cylinder and its upper bearing underA a ring 32, adjustably secured on the valve stein. The cylinder is provided with"v the usual water or other cooling chamber 34, annular in form except for the portion taken up by the channel 27 which communicates between the primary compression chamber and the combustion chamber as hereinbefore described. l'

The engine so' far as described would operate as follows: Gas being admittejd through the'port 35 into the primary com pression chamber 25 and through the an# nular passage 24 into the interior 26 of the piston 11, when this gas is under suflicient pressure, a portion thereof will pass through the y,channel 27 and port 28,opening the valve 29 by overcoming the force of the spring 30, thus passing into the combustion chamber 12. The upward strokeof the pissig tonVv will compress the gas `in the combustio "jf chamber 12, the valve 29 being held nor mally closed, and when this charge of gas is exploded the piston will be forced downward until the upper end of thel piston has reached the exhaust portr36, `when 'the exhaust will' take place. During this downward motion of the piston the contents-of: the interior 2G of. theipiston head, which is in free `communication with the primary compression chamber 25 through the annular passage 24, will belforced through said annular passage, the'primary compression chamber 25, the channel 27, port28, and` valve 29 into the combustion'chamber 12., as the explodedgases are exhausted.` Thurs, at the lend of the exhaust lor downward stroke of the piston, a charge has' again been forced into the combustion chambery 12, ready to be compressed duringthe upwardV stroke in the manner before described. j.. Ihave provided means for operating klthe valve 29 automatically, whichcomprises `a vertical shaft 37, `which is in the form of a hollow sleeve and carries at its lower end a bevel gear 38 meshing with a. si' .iler-gear. 39 on the crank shaft 15.' On ty is hollow shaft is mounted a ball governor 40 of usual construction provided with a spring 41. Near the upper end of the hollow shaft 37 there is mounted thereon a disk cam 42" set at an oblique angle to the shaft, which cam, during itsy rotation with the shaft,

operates upon a roller 43 mounted on a v'crank arm 44 on ahorizontal shaft45 journaled in suitable bearings 46 on topof the cylinder, whereby1 said shaft 45 is'ocked as the hollow shaft 37 is rotated, withits u cam 42. Projecting from the shaft 45' is a' shaft 45 extending above both cylinders.

.lVhile I have illustrated the interior' construction of only' one of these cylinders,`it

Will be understood that the `other is aduplic'ate thereofprovidedv with the samemechva'nism, arranged to act alternately with theej mechanism of the cylinder 10'as described.

Thus, there is4 provided on the second cylinder a valve e uival-ent to the valve 29 held normally close by a spring' 48`between the top of the cylinder and a ring. 49, and the Y stem is.operated upon byv a wing orwiper' Y 51 which moves-down and opens the'valve v i ,when .the wiper 47 moves up and 'permits 54- which is normally: drawn away from the` shaft 37 andcomlnutator 55 by means of a spring 56. An afrm ,57 vfor, "regulating the time 'of operatiorrof l'the sparking mechanism projectsfrom the handle! '54 and may be operated by. il'ianually manipulating said handle in isfvmanneryusual to this class ot` engines. rvAs the' hollow shaft .rotated -on the interirstem.58, the arm 53 is operi ated bythe governor and causes the handle 5'4 to move toward lor away from the commutator in-accordance with the speed atwhichthe'enA ine is being run, thus reg'ilating theV s ar ing mechanism automatically instead o manually.

When the explosion has taken place in the engine and the piston 11l moves'dwn in the cylinder until itsupper end is low enough to open the exhaust 'port 36 the pressure ln'the combustion chamber -12 is released and the gas from the primary compression chamber 2 5 is driven through the port 28 into the combustion chamber, clearing out the ei(- ploded gases and filling the` combustion leo chamber with ay fresh charge. The governor 40 is so regulated that the wiper 4T will press down en the stem of the valve, 2l) and open Said valve. and hold it open until the piston has reached a point in its return stroke which reduces the Capacity nl' the eoinl'instinn ehamher te the desired extent. The wiper 47 now rises and permits the valve 29 to close. The further upward nr return stroke of the piston cnmn'esses the, regulated quantity of gas in the combustinn Chamber 12 s0 that it is always compressed t0 the desired degree, when the upper end of the piston stroke is reaehed. llntil that point in the Operation. of the inaehiner)7 is reached where the wiper 47 again presser; down and opens the valve 29 the operation will he as usual in this type nf engine.

ily the mechanism deat'rihed many advantages are obtained. The introdurtion in an engine of this two-cycle type of a port or pasaage, eon'nnnnieating between the Combustinn chamber and the primary eempreesiny),r chamber, said port being! provided With a eut nil' valve, and mechanism n'ierated h v the crank shaft of the engine`r permits-fy ot' the return, during compression Stroke. nt more or less oli the new rhargre of glas ln the. primary compression chamber, thus predneingF several new results. ltis'thereby possible te var v the volume of compression oi' the new gas during the compression stroke. A enmlete range of speed Control is secured b v :nich variation to suit the Vvariation if load in* speed requirements. Greater l'uei enmiomy is ohtainerl hv (merating the engine at they moet eleetive ratio of expaninn ohtain- :ihle from a charge of exploded lae` lith the alim e (-nnstruetion wherein they tiniinfr device fur the spark is fermented to and shifted with the valve controlling: ineeln anism, am ahle tn time the spark so` that it will nenni' after the valve 'for the channel hetween the inain eolnhustion eliamher and the primary compression rhainher is elnaedx lVhen the time of closing the valve is advaneeL the time of spark will also he advanrfeil, and thus for all ailiuatinenty: nt' the enjiine there can he no pnssihle ehanfte nl a spark prim' tu the closing of the intake valve. and` therefore. there can he nn www sible ehaiu'e hfliauleliringr int(2 the primari,7 ei'nnpreqsi'frn chamber. This etlif'et is pre,A duced h v adoifl'ine1r the proper ratioy of vnlume nf rompi-essieu Space tu the piston displaeement and adjusting' the out oli' valve sn that proper eomprenqinn i5 `ceeurefl, a purtinn of the new chai-Ie heilig returned to the primary compression ehamher at eaeh revo lution. Another result nhtriinwl is that. automatic ignition hv high fmnpi'ea:i in :nav he surfeeesfully emplfrved hi' reason nl' the fact that the compression may he. regulated to the eXaet firing,r peint and Init mineur either tno early nr t0n latei ft further degree UE l and the (vasti-notion of the Cylinder, Athe relative arrangement of the carinireteiu, the iwimary ei'nnpresision chamher. ehanut" Tw annihilation chamber. inlet, port and exhaust. port are the same as the een struction et' the other figures hereinhefore dearrihed. VVthere is provided. however, a hurt (lll hetrveen the channel 2T and the coml u-ftinn ehainher, which port at its lower edge is even with the lower edge 01 the exhaust pnt-t hut which is smaller in vertiral diameter than the exhaust port so thatq when the pieten mures downward it first pamiall),v opens the exhaust pmt thus permitting` nl the liz-st, exhanal and hefnre, the exhaust port i@ whullv Opened. ipensl the port (30 and admita fresh gras li'rnin me primary :'OinpreS- sinn rhaniher into the enmhuatimi rhainl'ier.

l'lnviing thus ileaerihed niv inventifin what Yl riaini is new and desire to wenn hy lietters Patent el' the lrniterl 54, [tee is:

l. f\v gas engine eoniprisingr a cylinder having a mmhuetinn iliainherq a piston in Said chandler` a fuel Supply ellanilier, a efnnn'iunie-iting channel hetnet-ii said ehanihere. a valve for controlling; said rhannelL and mechanism ln artuating: Said faire wherelrv a portion nf the mixed :harge in the enmluiatinn rhaniher may he returned te the snpply rhaniher` said mechanism ineludinlf dw rires vflierehy the time of el-isingf ei said valve may he varied` :i :marking device and "l i 'em emineeted tn the valve actuating; nierhaiirisnl.. Vand shillahle herenith fin causing a lapark suhsequent in the elw-intr of Said Yalve,

ii. twn-ryftcle gas engine enmprising a eli'linder having a combustion elniniher7 a pistnn in said cylinder, a primary emnpres- :ann ehaiuher, a Comininicati'ngf channel lie-- tween said rhainliers. ay valve for Cnntrnlling said eliannel mechanism for artnatingr @aid ali/e a'herehjv a portion 0l' the mixed ehrirlffy in the eiisziliiif--tlinii rhamher may he returned tn the rompre .ei-Jin rhainher. will meelianiein including tlevn'eS whereby the time nl' elm ing! said valve naiv lie varied a sparking; lef Vire and infft'hanir;m mnnertefl tn the valve actuating mechanism and shiftahle, therevi h for causing: a spark subsequent to the elnaing nl' said valve.

il. A tu'rreyele gas engine comprising a vliuiler having a cninlinistinn Chainher, a 'piston in Said Cylinder, a priniarv compres sinn chamber, a communieatinnr channel hetweig-n said chambers, a valve for emitrelling will rhannel. n'ieehanisfn for actuating isairl valve whereby a portion of the mixed charge in the combustion chamber may he returinrl to the, Compression chamber, said mechanism lim lll)

for 1';

L im lnl'anko pori.

A f herauf I mx my signature m fn tm mtnesacb ML N UA LL. 

